Film Analysis Plastic Planet - 1123 Words

The film Plastic Planet takes an in- depth look of our modern world and it’s major production and consumption of plastic. Released in the year 2010, director Werner Boote reminisces on the time spent with his most memorable childhood figure, his grandfather. Whose fascination at the time was focused toward the production of plastic and what it held for the future to come. This fascination carried on into Boote’s adult life and after considerable research formed from around the world spurred him to ask the question, Is plastic dangerous? In completion, of this film analysis it is my goal to properly convey what was discussed within the hour and thirty- five minute film, and my analysis of the directors finished product. Plastic Planet film†¦show more content†¦Encouraged by the global economy of supply and demand plastic production has taken a major hold of our entire lifestyles. To the extent that as stated multiple times within the film that there is no part of the modern world left untouched by plastic. However, the problem lies not with plastic as a whole, but with the individual chemical compounds that make up plastic. Klaus Rhomberg an environmental physician, states â€Å"Plastic decays over time through heat,abrasion, use, or through natural processes†. This decay overtime has been shown to have adverse effects as depicted in the film. Director Werner Bootes undergoes a long journey collecting and documenting evidence of just how harmful plastic has become after it has served its initial use and even before depending on the plastics’ chemical composition. Beginning, in Europe the plastic industry has approx. a 800 billion euro turnover per year and employs over 1 million people in Europe alone(10:58-11:00). That being stated plastic manufacturing has become a major industry, and as a result it has been shown many of the major concerns were often ignored or disproven through biased research results. As witnessed, in Venice, Italy in the case of Gabriel Bortolozzo .vs. his employer. Mr. Bortolozzo claimed the environment in which he was to perform his duties as an employee contain harmful chemical fumes which lead to seriousShow MoreRelatedSustainable Use Of Natural Resources Environmental Services Essay1706 Words   |  7 Pagesrevitalizing that of what we’ve already destroyed. According to Earle, â€Å"No water, no life, no blue, no green† (Earle, 2009 ). This dependency on preserving our environment in order to survive as a society defines an interconnected system. Everything on this planet relies on one another not o nly to survive, but if done so in a sustainable manner, to thrive. Principle 2: A Systems Perspective Dylan deNapoli’s The Great Penguin Rescue relates to the second principle of sustainability: a systems perspective becauseRead MoreAn Analysis of Toy Story Essay1697 Words   |  7 PagesToy Story Analysis Toy Story is the groundbreaking 1995 motion picture developed by Disney and Pixar and directed by John Lasseter. The film was so revolutionary not only because it was the first feature length animation to be created completely by CGI (Computer Generated Imagery) but also, also the film was more rounded in all respects. The characters not only looked more sophisticated and three-dimensional but their personalities were also more human and fewer cartoons like. The film uses a constructedRead MorePeter Quill And His Walkman Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesPeter Quill and His Walkman. 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Federal law defines child pornography as any visual depiction of sexually explicit conduct involving a minor lessRead MoreBan of Plastic Bag2963 Words   |  12 Pagesleast bothered about our behavior, causing more harm to our planet. Unless we engage ourselves in ecologically oriented or pro-environmental behavior, we are on the way to perish. The protection of the physical environment requires a multidisciplinary approach involving a wider representation of various sections and communities of the society at large. Towards success and technological excellence, we human beings have caused much harm to planet earth. We consume valuables and irreplaceable resourcesRead MoreSteven Spielberg : Postmodern Auteur And Constructor1812 Words   |  8 Pagesmaking films: Jaws (1975). It’s important to clarify that Jaws is a mediocre representation of Spielberg’s style. In a 1977 interview with Richard Combs, Spielberg admits, â€Å"Sometimes I’ll forfeit style for content. That’s why I feel that Jaws does not have a style. Jaws is all content, experiment† (36). Spielberg reflects â€Å"mixed feelings† over the film. Spielberg didn’t write the film, as it was an adaptation of Peter Bentley’s 1974 novel (Casper). Especially compared to more personal films, likeRead MoreSustainable Cities6522 Words   |  27 PagesCooling investment in India, the following steps are recommended: 1. Create Greater Awareness in Central, State, and Local Governments The GOI has made some changes in the Electricity Act of 2003. However, it is recommended that the GOI improve its analysis of the benefits related to district cooling cost effectiveness, energy efficiency and GHG emissions reductions/CDM potential. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) has been set up under the Energy Conservation Act and a greater role for CHP/DC promotionRead MoreForce9499 Words   |  38 PagesBiology Preliminary Core Local Ecosystem Patterns in Nature Life on Earth Evolution Aust. 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The Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame - 1740 Words

Admission to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, in Cleveland, has been postponed for the current week, apparently so Republican National Convention-goers can unreservedly visit the Louder Than Words: Rock, Power, and Politics show shortly possessing its upper floors. This appears like a smart thought. For quite a long time, Republican crusades have profoundly misjudged, regularly in clever ways, the most developmental and vital belief systems of rock music, as prove by their unending avoiding of restraining requests from performers who don t need their dissident hollers related, even incidentally, with preservationist motivation. Now and again I get a kick out of the chance to envision that there is a solitary chuckling, since quite a while ago haired d.j. in charge of the most recent forty years of walkout-music disasters. He appreciates a solid toke and a snicker. Only he prompted up Conceived in the U.S.A. (an against war melody) for Ronald Reagan or This Land Is My Land (a tune that mourns disparity) for George H. W. Hedge. This year, he picked Aerosmith s Fantasy On, a substantial, spiraling tune about death that Donald Trump in the long run needed to quit utilizing in light of the fact that the band more than once whined. (Despite the fact that I have the lawful right to utilize Steven Tyler s tune, he requested that me not, Trump tweeted. Have better one to have its spot! Steven Tyler got more exposure on his tune demand than he s gotten in ten years.Show MoreRelatedThe Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame722 Words   |  3 PagesIn 1986 the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame started inducting members into its ranks in order to establish a list of musicians and artists that shaped and built early rock and roll music. Induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame is based on criteria established by the nominating committee out of Cleveland, Ohio (where the Hall is located). Although exact benchmarks are not revealed to the general public, there are several observable and stated trends when it comes to which individual artists andRead MoreRock And Roll Hall Of Fame870 Words   |  4 PagesRock and Roll Hall of Fame Music is an Art form that has been around since humans were created All around the world music is played in many different forms and styles. As early as the 1950 s, a new style of music was being created in the Untied States, one that forever changed the world. Not only did it bring a completely different sound, but it changed the way people acted, dressed, and even people s lifestyles. This new style of music became known as Rock and Roll. It drew many from a one-wayRead MoreRock And Roll Hall Of Fame1232 Words   |  5 PagesFleetwood Mac in 1975, becoming an instant sensation, she also released solo albums. After years of struggling with addiction, Nicks finally recovered her wellbeing and liveliness. 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He is an American musician, singer, and songwriter and is best known for his work with E Street Band which was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2014. Springsteen became interested in music after seeing Elvis perform on The Ed Sullivan Show. Springsteen recalled, [Elvis] was as big as the whole country itself... as big as the whole dream. He just embodied the essence of it and he was in mortalRead MoreThe National Museum Of The Pacific War1507 Words   |  7 Pagespresence on social media with the use of Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. YouTube is also an option because it adds connectivity through videos and it gives the museum access to the users on the Google+ side of the social media network. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame is one museum that has an extensive list of videos to help grow their customer base. 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Sterling Whitaker an article writer for ultimateclassicrock.com said, â€Å"Bon Jovi have consistently been one of the most successful record-selling and arena-filling rock acts of their generation. Starting with their roots

New Design Process for Noticeable, but Pleasant Sounds free essay sample

New design process for noticeable, but pleasant sounds Author 193 Track 3: what the beep? ABSTRACT The goal of this research is improving alarm sound design, focusing on the paradox of noticeable versus pleasant sounds. The characteristics of annoying sounds correspond in large extend to the characteristics of noticeable sounds. Therefore it is difficult to design an alarm sound, which is noticeable, but not annoying. A lot of studies are conducted along aspects which make sounds annoying and several guidelines are described for designing noticeable alarm sounds. However, no data is conveyed about the combination of these characteristics linked to sound design. In this study an existing design process for alarm sounds is adjusted regarding to pleasantness and noticeability of sounds. Hereby methods to analyze and test pleasantness and noticeability of sounds are added to the process. As a result this paper suggests a new design process which can be used to design an alarm sound considering these aspects. We will write a custom essay sample on New Design Process for Noticeable, but Pleasant Sounds or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Keywords product sound design; alarm sound; annoying sounds; noticeable sounds; design processes INTRODUCTION Most of the time alarm sounds are not optimal designed, because in the majority of cases the context of the user is not taken into account. Edworthy (2006) found that in consequence alarms are often too badly designed resulting in annoying, not effective sounds. Schmidt amp; Baysinger (1986) pointed out that a pleasant sound to report a complication can be more effective during an emergency. However, the alarm sound should still be clearly noticeable, so that it cannot be missed. Annoying sounds The perception of annoyance may be very personal and subjective, but research as shown that there are some characteristics of sounds that influence this perceived annoyance. (Steele amp; Chon, 2007). The research of Steele amp; Chon (2007) found that loudness is the most important determinant of annoyance in respect to sound. They also revealed that the wider the bandwidth, the more annoying the sound is perceived. Higher frequencies and modulations increase the perception of annoyance as wel l (Genuit, 2001). A modulation is a change from one tone to another. Besides the type of sound, there are a many other factors that influence the perception of annoyance. One of these factors, revealed by Maris et al. 2007), is the ability to influence the sound. Another study posited that age is also an important aspect for determining the perception of annoyance. (Botteldooren amp; Verkeyn, 2002). Noticeable sounds Obviously, the noticeability of an alarm sound is better when the volume of the sound is higher. Edworthy (2006) pointed out some other characteristics of clearly noticeable alarms sounds, like high and low frequencies, harmonics and discontinuous sounds. Hereby alarm sounds are respectively easier to localize, more resistant to masking by other sounds and less presumable to interfere with communication. Harmonics are sounds with frequencies that are a multiple of the fundamental frequency. Another component which makes a sound more clearly noticeable, is the variation in more than only pitch (Edworthy amp; Meredith, 1997). Namely, if a sound alters in more than just tone, for instance frequency, the ability to distinguish it from other sounds increases. Besides that, environmental sounds and auditory icons are easier to learn and retain (Leung, 1997; Ulfvengren, 2003). Similarities annoying and noticeable sounds There is a lot of literature written about designing noticeable alarm sounds and about annoying sounds. However, there is barely literature which compares these two characteristics of sounds. Nevertheless, a lot of characteristics of annoying sounds are identical to the characteristics of noticeable sounds, see figure 1. Figure 1. Characteristics which make sounds annoying as well as noticeable. As you can see in this figure, loudness is an important characteristic of annoyance as well as noticeability of sound. The same is true for high and low frequencies which are linked to a wide bandwidth and a high frequency. High frequency is also linked with harmonics, because a harmonic is a sound whose frequency is higher than the keynote of that sound observed by the ear. Furthermore, modulations contribute to an annoying sound, while discontinuous sounds provide a noticeable sound. This is conflicting, because if a sound has modulations it is not discontinuous as a result of the changes in tone. So most of the characteristics of annoying and noticeable sounds are similar, whereby it is hard to design an alarm sound that is noticeable, but not annoying. All the corresponding characteristics are focused on type of sound. However, there are other factors which can influence the perception of annoyance and the noticeability of sound. These factors are particularly related to the context. Research of Philip (2009) also showed the relationship between the annoyance and noticeability of sound. She showed a significant correlation between the urgency rating and the annoyance rating of alarm sounds. The urgency rating can be linked to the noticeability of the alarm sound, which in essence points towards a relationship between the annoyance and noticeability of a sound. Yet, there are no papers with guidelines or methods to deal with this problem. Purpose The overall goal of this research is improving alarm sound design, focusing on the balance between noticeable and pleasant sounds. The aim of this research is suggesting a design method/process which helps to create a balance between the noticeability and annoyance of sounds. In this paper will be focused on a wide range of alarm sounds. Every sound with a warning function is taken into account. Hereby the outcome is usable for a variety of alarm sound designs, see figure 2. The IC is a relevant example, because noticeability is very important in this place, but if an alarm is too annoying it is often turned off. Another example is an alarm clock. It is imported that the product helps you to wake up in time, but if the sound is not pleasant you may have a bad start to the day. Figure 2. Examples of products with alarm sound. For this research a literature study is done about existing methods which can be used to design alarm sounds. With these inputs and information about the annoyance and noticeability of sounds a new method is defined. EXISTING METHODS Design processes are most of the time iterative and consisting of different stages (Roozenburg amp; Eekels, 1995). Often, a design process starts with a problem definition, followed by ideas to solve this problem. Then a concept is developed to meet the determined requirements and satisfy the user. (Rouse, 1991). Design process alarm sounds Edworthy and Stanton (1995) came up with a user-centered method to design alarm sounds, see figure 3. In this method, especially the noticeability of the sound is taken into account. In the method nothing is stated about the annoyance of sounds, though. From this process some stages which are also usable to design a pleasant, noticeable alarm can be derived. Important stages regarding these aspects are establish the need for warning, appropriate ranking test, learning and confusion test, urgency mapping test, recognition and matching test and operation test. Figure 3. Edworthy and Stanton’s design process to design alarm sounds. The mentioned stages are particularly useful to design a noticeable sound. Therefore some stages that focus on the pleasantness of sound can be added. Besides that, the context of the users is not taken into account. However, this is very relevant to design an alarm sound, since most characteristics which are not conflicting are related to the context. Context Another method which can be used to design alarm sounds is etnography. Ethnography is a method to define the context by revealing the user’s environment and interactions between the product, user and their own physical environment (Leonard amp; Rayport, 1997). This is useful for alarm sound design, since it is important to take the environment of the user, including other sounds, into account. Pleasantness There are some known techniques for eliciting verbal attributes of product sounds, which can be used to identify the importance of pleasantness of a sound. One of these methods is the Repertory Grid Technique, succesfully applied by Berg amp; Rumsey (1999) for eliciting descriptions of the sound of a product. Another procedure to evoke important attributes of sounds is the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (Stone et al. , 1974), whereby a descriptive language will be developed by participants accompanied by a facilitator. While applying these techniques no real sound examples are used, but products are presented to recall the attributes of sound connected to that product. Later in the design process eliciting can be used to rank the different sound designs by annoyance. This can be done by deriving verbal attributes through a survey. Gabrielsson (1979) used this method by conducting an extensive experiment, where the participants were asked to rate the sounds according to their suitability. Another method to test the pleasantness of a sound is a model made by Aures (1985). This model calculates the pleasantness considering sharpness, roughness, tonalness and loudness, with an accuracy of more than 90%. NEW METHOD Based on the design process of Edworthy amp; Stanton (1995) a new design process can be suggested for designing pleasant, but noticeable alarm sounds, see figure 4. Establish need for warning As the process of Edworthy amp; Stanton, the new design process will start with establishing the need for warning by identifying the alert functions of the product. This will be done to clarify the importance of noticeability of the sound, which can be used to create an optimal balance between noticeability and annoyance. For instance, when noticeability is very essential, the annoyance of a sound may be less important. Identify context Then, the context will be identified by using ethnography. Hereby the physical environment of the user and the corresponding sounds are taken into account. Factors of the context can influence the annoyance and pleasantness of a sound. Therefore it is important to be aware of the context and use this during designing. Elicitation The last step of the analyis is elicitation of sounds, whereof users think they fit the product. By means of this method the importance of a pleasant sound can be revealed. There are two procedures which may be appropriate to do so. The Repertory Grid Technique can be used to elicit descriptions of the sound of a product. The more the word pleasant is called as description, the more important this characteristic will be. Besides that, the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis is useful to develop a descriptive language which describes the desired attributes of a product. The outcome of this technique can be compared with those of The Reportory Grid Technique. The difference is in the way the descriptions are elicit. The Reportory Grid Technique uses product sounds and the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis uses no real sounds, but only products. Figure 4. Suggested design process regarding pleasant, but noticeable alarm sounds Designing sounds The design of the sound can be done exactly the same as Edworthy and Stanton escribed in their process. First, existing alerting sounds and user suggestions will be considered. After that soundimagery studies can be used. Testing pleasantness/annoyance After designing different concept sounds, the sounds can be tested in terms of annoyance or pleasantness. To do so two methods are suggested. The first procedure consists of a questionairre or survey, whereby the part icipants should rank the sounds by annoyance. The other technique is a model developed by Aures (1985) which calculates the sensory euphony(pleasantness) of a sound regarding loudness, sharpness, tonalness and roughness. According to these tests the sound can be modified considering pleasantness. Testing noticeability The noticeability of sounds can be tested by procedures Edworthy amp; Stanton (1995) described in their design process. Using these techniques the sounds can be tested concerning different aspects, like learning amp; confusion, urgency and recogniton amp; matching. The learning amp; confusion test is ideally performed in the real context, so it will become clear if the sound can be confused with other sounds in the environment. The urgency mapping test shows if the mapping between the signal and situation is suitable in terms of urgency using existent guidelines. In the recognition amp; matching test participants are asked to assign the sounds to the appropriate warning function. According to these tests the sound can be improved and optimized considering noticeability. DISCUSSION The adjustments of the suggested design process are really focused on the analysis and testing of pleasantness and noticeability. Consequently, the designing itself is not taken into account, but is indeed very important. Further research for this phase of the design process can be useful to improve the suggested design process. Besides that, the design process is not tested, whereby there is not been evaluated how useful the process might be. To validate the suggested process an experiment with a couple sound designers should be done. Furthermore two procedures who explore roughly the same are recommended for the elicitation phase, but only one technique is necessary in this phase. Therefore more research about these methods in regarding to pleasantness and noticeability is preferred to choose the most appropriate technique. CONCLUSION Due to the fact that most characteristics of noticeable sounds are conflicting with the characteristics of pleasant sounds, it is difficult to design a sound which is both noticeable and pleasant. However, if the designer will focus on this during the whole design process, it should be possible to find a good balance between these two aspects. Hereby it is essential to look at the context of the user and the need for warning and a pleasant sound. Furthermore the sound should be tested on these aspects, since the characteristics are subjective and therefore defined by the user. The suggested design process can be used for a wide range of alarm sounds, which requires a noticeable as well as a pleasant sound. Some examples of such alarms are alarm clocks, microwaves and alarms in intensive care units. REFERENCES 1. Aures, W. (1985). Berechnungsverfahren fur den sensorischen Wohlklang beliebiger Schallsignale. Acustica, 59: 130-141 2. Berg J. and Rumsey, F. (1999). Spatial Attribute Identification and Scaling by Repertory Grid Technique and other Methods. Proc. AES 16th International Conference 3. Botteldooren, D. and Verkeyn, A. (2002). Fuzzy models for Accumulation of reported community noise annoyance from combined sources, Journal of Acoustic Society of America, 112(4): 1496 – 1508 4. Edworthy, J. and Stanton, N. (1995) A user-centered approach to the design and evaluation of auditory warning signals: 1, Methodology, Ergonomics, 38(11): 2262-2280. 5. Edworthy J. and Meredith C. (1997). Influence of verbal labelling and acoustic quality on the learning and retention of medical alarms. Int J Cogn Ergon; 1: 229–43 6. Edworthy, J. and Hellier, E. (2006). Alarms and human behaviour: implications for medical alarms. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 97(1): 12–17 7. Gabrielsson, A. (1979). Dimension analyses of perceived sound quality of sound-reproducing systems. Scand. J. Psychol. 20: 159-169 8. Genuit, K. (2001). The problem of predicting noise annoyance as a function of distance. Internoise, Rome, Italy. 9. Leung YK, Smith S, Parker S, Martin R. (1997). Learning and retention of auditory warnings. In: Frysinger S, Kramer G, eds. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD), Palo Alto, CA, USA. Available from http://www. santafe. edu/_icad__ 10. Maris E. , Pieter J. , Stallen, P. J. , Vermunt R. , Steensma H. (2007). Noise within the social context: Annoyance reduction through fair procedures, Journal of Acoustic Society of America, 121(4): 2000 – 2010 11. Philip, E. (2009). Evaluation of medical alarm sounds. Doctoral thesis, New Jersey Institute of Technology. 12. Roozenburg, N. F. M. and Eekels, J. (1995). Product Design, fundamentals and methods. (Lemma BV, Den Haag. ) 13. Rouse, W. B. (1991). Design for success- A Human-Centered Approach To Designing Successful Products and Systems, John Wiley amp; Sons Inc. ISBN 0-471-52483-2. 14. Schmidt S. I. , Baysinger C. L. (1986). Alarms: help or hindrance? Anesthesiology, 64: 654–5 15. Steele, D. L. amp; Chon, S. H. (2007) A Perceptual Study of Sound Annoyance. Proceedings of the 2nd Audio Mostly Conference. pp. 19-24 16. Stone, H. , Sidel, J. , Oliver, S. , Woolsey, A. , Singleton, R. C. (1974). Sensory evaluation by quantitative descriptive analysis. Food Technology, 24-34 17. Ulfvengren P. (2003). Design of natural warning sounds in human-machine systems. Doctoral thesis, Stockholm Institute of Technology.

Tom Sawyer Essays (1695 words) - Literature, Fiction, Film

Tom Sawyer Tom Sawyer is a boy who is full of adventures. In his world there is an adventure around every corner. Some of his adventures have lead him into some bad situations but with his good heart and bright mind he has gotten out of them. Tom lives with his aunt Polly, his cousin Mary and his bother Sid. One of the first things to happen in the book is a memorable one, the painting of the fence. Tom's aunt Polly made Tom paint her fence on a Saturday as a punishment. Tom just hated the idea of having to work on a Saturday while all of the neighborhood could make fun of and harass him. After Tom tried to trade some of his possessions for a few hours of freedom he had a stroke of genius, instead of him paying people to work for him, he made people pay him to paint. Tom managed this by telling people that it isn't every day that you get a chance to paint a fence and he thought it was fun. He had people begging him to paint by the time that he was finished his story. He would have taken every boy in the town's wealth if he had not run out of paint. On June 17th about the hour of midnight, Tom and his best friend Huck were out in the grave yard trying to get rid of warts, when they witnessed a murder by Injun Joe. At the time Muff Potter was drunk and asleep so Injun Joe blamed the murder him (Muff Potter). They knew if crazy Injun Joe found out they knew, he would for sure kill them. Tom wrote on a wooden board "Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer swear to keep mum about this and they wish they may drop down dead in their tracks if they ever tell and rot", then in their own blood they signed their initials TS and HF. A few days after that incident Tom, Huck and Joe decided to go and become pirates because no one cared for their company anymore. They stole some food and supplies and then they stole a raft and paddled to an island in the middle of the Mississippi River. They stayed and pirated for several days, then they all became so home sick that they could not bear it anymore. The next day Tom, Huck, and Joe showed up for their own funerals and there was much thanks and praise. The next big event in the town was the trial of Muff Potter for the murder in the graveyard. The whole town believed Injun Joe, and poor Muff was sent to a temporary jail cell for a week. At the end of the week he was to be hung unless some one in court had proved him innocent. While Muff was in jail temporarily he was not alone. Every day Tom and Huck would go and talk to him through the jail cell bars and on occasion bring him food. On the last day of court, to everyone's surprise they called Tom Sawyer to the stand. Then the man asked him where he was on the 17th of June he said "In the graveyard". Then when he asked who he saw do it he said with all his courage he said "Muff didn't do it. It was Injun Joe!" and with that Injun Joe jumped out the window and ran away. Tom and Huck decided that they wanted to become rich so they went to go and find buried treasure. Tom and Huck dug under trees all day and night but found nothing, then Tom said that they should go and dig for treasure in a haunted house. They went back two days later and went to a haunted house. Both the boys were scared but they both went inside anyway. The boys dared each other to go upstairs, so of course they went up and looked in closets for treasure but found nothing. Suddenly the boys heard two men talking and then come inside. Both of the boys got down on the floor and then they heard the voice again, it was Injun Joe. Injun Joe and the other man had a bag of money and decided to bury it there. Tom and Huck could hardly contain themselves because they would steal it as soon as Injun Joe left. Injun Joe was