Motivational Techniques Free Essays

Motivationals techniques in Switzerland MOTIVATIONAL METHODS THAT ARE MOST EFFECTIVE IN EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION Robert Gordon University †Business and Hotel Management School BA Hotel and Hospitality Management Course BS 3149 Research Methods for Business Students Module facilitator: Ms Heather Robinson Submission date: ninth April 2013 Student ID No. : 1219453 Word Count: 2008 1. Point: Motivational techniques that are best in friendliness representative inspiration 2. We will compose a custom exposition test on Persuasive Techniques or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now QUESTION: What are the best techniques to persuade eatery representatives in Switzerland? . ARTICLES ANKLI, R. E. , PALLIAM, R. , (2012). Empowering a roused workforce: investigating the wellsprings of inspiration. Advancement and Learning in Organizations, 26(2), pp. 7 †10 BASSETT-JONES, N. , LLOYD, G. C. , (2005). Does Herzberg’s inspiration hypothesis have backbone?. Diary of Management Development, 24(10), pp. 929 †943 ESKILDSEN, J. K. , KRISTENSEN, K. , and WESTLUND, A. H. , (2004). Work inspiration and occupation fulfillment in the Nordic nations. Worker Relations, 26(2), pp. 122 †136 LEE-ROSS, D. , (2005). Seen work attributes and interior work inspiration: An exploratory culturally diverse investigation of the persuasive precursors of inn laborers in Mauritius and Australia. Diary of Management Development, 24(3), 253 †266. STAMOV-ROSSNAGEL, C. , and HERTEL, G. , (2010). More seasoned workers’ inspiration: against the legend of general decrease. The executives Decision, 48(6), 894 †906. WHEELER, A. R. , BUCKLEY, M. R. , (2001). Analyzing the inspiration procedure of impermanent workers: An all encompassing model and examination system. Diary of Managerial Psychology, 16(5), pp. 339 †354. Different SOURCES HERZBERG, F. , MAUSNER, B. , and SNYDERMAN, B. B. , 1959. Inspiration to work. New York: Transaction Publishers. 4. Reason The specialist accepts that the theme chose is critical for the café and accommodation industry today and assumes a key job in boosting benefit as inspiring the workforce would additionally help in better assistance, food quality and even capacity to hold clients in a specific way. As indicated by Stamov-Rossnagel and Hertel (2010), the persuasive components relies upon a serious wide scope of potential outcomes, anyway one of them incorporate the workplace, peers and the need to rival the accomplishments of another laborer in a similar substance. These laborers are inspired when they have the best possible hardware wanted for playing out a particular assignment and are routinely refreshed with the most recent gear which would help them in their undertakings at work. At the point when these laborers feel that they are being observed and are thought about by giving the gear, appropriate working conditions, they definitely want to perform better and are roused. In any case, incidentally, the scope of assignments in an occupation may not be as persuading as the specific errand that the laborer is keen on. Checking these undertakings which persuade a specialist ought to be explicitly appointed to them to improve profitability. Chiefs should confine and keep away from the utilization of any kind of social or moral foundation about a worker while attempting to pass judgment on the work or spurring him (Lee-Ross, 2005). Different western organizations watched and rehearsed the methodology of participative initiative and style of work which included the choices and perspectives on each specialist, which would in a roundabout way rise their regard and persuade them. Reverence and duty are two exceptionally significant inspirations. People additionally have individual objectives and on the off chance that they are like those of the undertaking, at that point inspiration is a basic procedure. In any case, recognizing the points and objectives of workers is required to interface it in a manner to that of the association and exceed expectations in incomes and market efficiency. These people could raise a few inventive methods and thoughts, particularly when they are at the prime of inspiration level. Henceforth, the objectives and points of people matter to a great extent in a venture for it to quicken in the market. Impermanent workers are a typical pattern in today’s period where tremendous worldwide and privately owned businesses representative them explicitly for decreasing expense and having the option to control the calendar of the low maintenance or transitory representatives (Wheeler and Buckley, 2001). Be that as it may, numerous privately owned businesses representative impermanent workers and are anticipating that them should be spurred for the activity. The all day laborers likewise lose enthusiasm for clarifying the low maintenance laborers about the work process and the significance of following a deliberate way to deal with each strategy and thus, the brief specialists don't want to perform better and quicken in their position. The impermanent laborers are kept separated from the significant choices being taken in the association and are disengaged, particularly in MNC’s, for example, McDonald’s Burger King and different diverse drive-through joints. Be that as it may, this additionally suggests to certain other easygoing cafés which utilizes assistants and other low maintenance laborers who also are not inspired enough to invest their amounts of energy into the undertaking. The scientist investigated the writing and recognized the accompanying not many points of interest of spurring individuals: 1. Makes an energetic workforce 2. Empowers the chance to determine any encounter in no time and lift staff resolve 3. Expands income of the café . Takes out the need of observing staff According to Eskildsen, Kristensen, and Westlund, (2004) ladies are more fulfilled than men in regards to work fulfillment, representatives with more significant level of instruction need not really be increasingly fulfilled, however at time could even outcome to be the opposite. Be that as it may, instruction level doesn't affect inherent variables, while administrative situated specialists are progressively happy with their employments. The Herzberg hypothesis expresses that the persuasive components are partitioned into two primary parts, the main known as the cleanliness factors which are identified with pay, working conditions and cooperation while the last is identified with inspirational methods (Bassett-Jones and Lloyd, 2005). Persuasive methods depend entirely on 3 central point, capacity to work out, chance to practice and criticism to self. These are clarified in the book by Herzberg, Mausner and Snyderman (1959) which depict the cleanliness factors offered by the business basically as ‘KITA’ or kick in the ass, which doesn't rouse one yet rather compromises them to work more enthusiastically as it were. In the event that one have the capacity to perform or has an expertise, for example, correspondence, administration, cooking and so on he/she will plan to accomplish better objectives throughout everyday life. In any case, if the individual doesn't have the gear and other fundamental intends to rehearse his aptitudes, he won't have the option to perform to the best and would not be propelled. This later incorporates a criticism, which may not generally originate from a more significant position authority however even from self makes a difference. These are the 3 essential necessities for inspiration and is identified with each industry. 5. Points: The point of this examination paper is to investigate the best method(s) for rousing café workers in Switzerland. . Targets: To survey past and current strategies for worker inspiration To analyze the contrast between representative inspiration techniques in various cafés in Switzerland To assess the most utilized techniques applied by bo sses and their adequacy 7. Strategy The specialist was energetic about gathering essential information and is looking forward to arrangement a system for conveying between a few eateries in Switzerland in regards to the persuasive procedures broadly utilized inside the eatery for sponsorship up representatives for additional work. The examination theory surfaced as authenticity as the strategies and procedures are pertinent in the handy life and should be looked into by and by for an all the more clear vision. Deductive methodology was the most appropriate style for this sort of exploration where the specialist assessed various ideas and hypotheses set in front of him by various rationalists and analysts contemplating the territory of inspiration of representatives in an industry and a blend of both subjective and quantitative examination were both important in such an undertaking. Subjective examination held tight the writing and diary articles and will likewise incorporate the studies spread all through specific cafés in Switzerland, and the analyst would later meeting and question the proprietor of a renowned Indian eatery in Zurich, Switzerland which is known for persuading its representatives to a serious extent and empowering them to screen and deal with an eatery solo. The specialist will appropriate a poll among 30 unique representatives of a few eateries in Luzern and in Zurich and furthermore to 3-5 diverse eatery directors for criticism with respect to the persuasive strategies and methods plentiful in the region. The examining strategy is non-likelihood, purposive technique and spotlights on just a specialty of the populace. Ascertaining the outcomes from both the business and representative would broaden the extent of exploration and present forward a more ransparent information on persuasive methods applied. The Fredrick Herzberg hypothesis of persuasive and sterile elements are very pertinent to this center point and go inseparably with the thoughts of the analyst. The commonsense world has confidence in cash being an overwhelming help and just as professional stability, working conditions and advantages. The analyst claims it to be bogus and might want to demonstrate it on paper. 8. DRAFT QUESTIONS My name is Ankit Sharma and I am an under study of Business and Hotel Management School in Luzern, Switzerland. This exploration review will give me solid proof towards my undertaking, ‘What are the best techniques to inspire café representatives in Switzerland’ and help me in my Research

Airport Security free essay sample

Danger of psychological warfare innovative human techniques for recognition counteraction. Access control, explosives, x-beam imaging, atomic methods, expenses and preparing. The avionics business starting late has confronted the staggering issue of security, because of a specific break thereof which had astonishing outcomes and suggestions with respect to the conceivable outcomes of dangerous air travel. Regarding this, safety efforts were important to guarantee that such a circumstance would not again emerge. In this manner, screening turned into a stage in movement, one which is presently confronted with different arrangements with varying degrees of social and moral determination. The enrolled flyer program set up to empower pre-screening is abandoned by the money related necessities of the administration, overlooking monetary imbalance inside society. The morals of permitting privately owned businesses to decide the character of residents are additionally dim considering the opportunity for mistake and misuse made. Security will be and has consistently been an issue inside American culture. The presence of apparatus which attacks this must be met wit h rules to forestall its maltreatment, as untrustworthy workers may make sense of an approach to kill blue pencils, consequently observing things the flyers would not with them to. We will compose a custom paper test on Air terminal Security or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Likewise with any industry, that of flight faces various traps to social and moral wrong, which must be searched out and adjusted before any harm being finished.

Strategies for ADHD Students to Improve Writing Skills

Strategies for ADHD Students to Improve Writing Skills ADHD School Print Strategies to Improve Writing Skills in Students With ADHD By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 24, 2018 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Christian Horz/Getty Images Students with ADHD often have really wonderful, creative ideas. Getting these ideas and thoughts down on paper, however, can sometimes be quite a challenge. Many students with ADHD find that the process of writing is a struggle and an area they would prefer to avoid at all costs. These students often take longer to get started with writing assignments, have difficulty organizing their thoughts and getting them down on paper, and may struggle to maintain their focus on the task at hand. Unfortunately, as a student moves into the high school and college years, writing assignments -- reports, essays, and discussion questions -- figure in prominently in the curriculum. But the good news is theres hope for improving your writing skills, even with ADHD. Why ADHD Students Tend to Have Difficulty With Developing Writing Skills The process of writing involves the integration of several skills including the ability to generate, plan and organize ideas, express one’s thoughts with words, and structure sentences and paragraphs in proper order. Writing also requires working memory. In her book, Teaching Teens with ADD, ADHD, and Executive Function Deficits, Chris Dendy, M.S., explains how working memory comes into play: “Students have to use their working memory to remember what they are writing about and decide which thought they want to express next. Simply holding that thought or a chunk of information in working memory long enough to write it down is often difficult.” Working memory is also necessary in order to correctly apply spelling, grammar, capitalization and punctuation rules when writing. In addition, writing requires fine-motor coordination and the ability to organize print on paper. A student must also control impulsivity and a tendency to rush through his or her work and must be able to sustain attention to complete the process of written expression. Strategies to Improve Writing Skills Use whichever form of writing comes more naturally to you â€" print or cursive. For many students, printing comes more easily and requires less memory than cursive writing.Use a computer for written work.Ask for accommodations such as extended time on written work.Brainstorm ideas and write them all down, then narrow selections one at a time.Talk it out. Spend some time talking out loud about what you want to write.Dictate your words into a tape recorder, then type them up or use a speech-to-text software program.Use Post-it notes to write down each of your ideas on a topic. Then organize and group ideas.Make an outline or use a graphic organizer or mind map to help structure writing projects.Write a first draft of the written assignment and then show it to the teacher before it is due so that she can make suggestions and give input before you turn in the final draft.Ask your teacher for two grades -- one grade for content and one for grammar, spelling, and punctuation.If you are usi ng a computer, run spell and grammar check.Get help from your parent or friend with proofreading and reviewing your work.

A Doll s House, And Tom - 946 Words

Nora, in A Doll’s House, and Tom, in The Glass Menagerie, are similar protagonists yet have very different characteristics. Both of them left their family that destroyed the family in some way in turn acting very selfishly, yet Tom has done worse in his circumstances because Amanda and Laura were dependant on him. Nora was a doll wife. She was coddled by her husband Torvald and realised she was really a doll at the end. She showed signs of really wanting to rebel by doing small acts of eating macaroons when they were forbidden, to a big act of breaking the law to get a loan to save her husband’s life. She also bargains with him a little when she says, â€Å"Your squirrel would run about and do all her tricks if you would be nice, and do what she wants(Ibsen 34).† So when she put the puzzle pieces together that she was a doll, she decided to go adventure and really experience life. That very important experience everyone should make so they can make decisions of their own, but at the price of leaving her husband without a wife and children without a mother even though Torvald was willing to change. Tom had a different yet similar experience. He had to provide financial support to his mother and sister because their father left them. Tom hates his job and wants to go find himself like young men at his age do but can’t due to his sister not able to provide for herself and no suitor coming her way. After an argument with his mother about the gentleman caller he brought to hisShow MoreRelated How does Harper Lee Manage to Draw Together the Stories of Boo Radley1133 Words   |  5 PagesHow does Harper Lee Manage to Draw Together the Stories of Boo Radley and Tom Robinson? Do you find her Way of doing this Effective? There is a strong literary motif running through Harper Lees novel To Kill a Mockingbird. The stories of Boo Radley and Tom Robinson are drawn together by the way they are both mockingbirds in their own way. Both men are on the outskirts of society and are misunderstood by the predominantly white population of Maycomb. In the first part of the novel, thereRead MoreThe Desires Of Being Rich1118 Words   |  5 Pagesselves as human beings. An object should not be able to define that happiness. Money s not everything and it’s sad that nowadays people a lot of people haven’t figured it out. Many people are caught up in what they think is happiness and live their whole lives miserable. Throughout literature, it is evident that striving for money does not end up what you want to be in the end. The characters in A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen and The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald experience that becoming wealthyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Court Scene 1217 Words   |  5 Pagesfascinated with their mysterious neighbor Boo Radley and have an escalating series of encounters with him. Meanwhile, Atticus is assigned to defend a black man, Tom Robinson against the spurious rape charges Bob Ewell has brought against him. Watching the trial, Scout, and especially Jem, cannot understand how a jury could possibly convict Tom Robinson based on the Ewells’ clearly fabricated story. What if it were in 2016 how would the different events that happened be different in the 21st centuryRead MoreGender Socialization : The Constitutional And Unfolding Of Individuals As Boys Or Girls Essay1183 Words   |  5 Pagessporting events(Messner316). Along with this knowledge, I asked how his father would have reacted if he was caught playing with an action figure versus a Barbie doll, and his response is what was to be expected. He explained that â€Å"well it was normal for me to play with an action figure, well to a specific age, of course. And a Barbie Doll? Let`s just say, my father would have had an adverse reaction, to say the least.† The reason I say his response was expected is by kindergarten, boys â€Å"police boundariesRead MoreAnalysis Of Andy And Nora s Play Out If They Were From The 21st Century United States?1574 Words   |  7 Pagespatriarch is almost the on ly means of a married women gaining financial leverage, unless of course she is lucky enough to be allowed to work or get an education. Even though A Dolls House took place in 19th century Norway, in the US women rights were on the cusps of their early beginnings. They, at least, had a women s university however for only prestigious white females and still did not have the legal nor financial freedoms like today. Joanne Karpinski gives great insight in her book AmericanRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1407 Words   |  6 PagesThe system also neglects those who could benefit most from education. Walter Cunningham explains ‘reason I can’t pass the first grade, Mr Finch, is I’ve had to stay out ever’ spring an’ help papa with the choppin’, but there’s another’n at the house now that’s field size’. The declarative sentence shows how this seems entirely normal to Walter, because the system’s flaws seem inevitable. The connective ‘but’ implies hope that his education may progress due to a younger sibling taking overRead MoreBiography of Grandparent1550 Words   |  7 Pages now 75 years old, believes she has been blessed everyday of her life. It sounded surprising after I interviewed her to hear how religious and optimistic she is about her life. You see, I knew her as my quirky grandmother – who used to crotchet dolls on top of soda bottles, or kiss a penny that was heads up on the floor – but I never knew her as who she really was. She was a daughter, a mother, a lover, widow, grandmother and a person learning and experiencing life as exciting and joyful everyRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird1617 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Cry about the simple hell people give other people- without even thinking† My considered opinion of this novel in the light of this comment. If Harper Lee had limited her portrayal of prejudice and discrimination merely to the trial of Tom Robinson, a victim of the most virulent form of racial prejudice, â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† would probably be little more than a historical footnote. Wisely, though, Lee manages to tie racial prejudice to the many other forms of prejudice we all faceRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1507 Words   |  7 Pagesgetting Boo Radley out of the house. Atticus told the kids to stop bothering Boo Radley and try to see life from another person’s perspective before making judgments. Later on, Scout and Jem found gifts that were left for them in a hole of a tree on the Radley property that was eventually filled with cement by Boo Radley’s brother, Nathan Radley. Scout and Jem begins the adventure of experiencing adulthood. Maycomb is a racist white community because a black man named Tom Robinson, who has been accusedRead MoreEmpathy Towards A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1099 Words   |  5 Pagesstay pure. Tom Robinson, presented in part two of the novel, was a noble man of color who was very helpful towards others regardless of his disabilities. On many occasions he helped a young white woman, Mayella the daughter of Bob Ewell, with all her needs because he felt sorry for her. Unfortunately, for this mockingbird, he was tried for raping Mayella, although she was the one to seduce a black man. Tom was found guilty even after a long ponderation on his verdict. In addition, Tom became weary

The Legacy Of The American Civil War - 1030 Words

When the American Civil War began, President Abraham Lincoln carefully framed the issue concerning the preservation of the Union rather than the abolition of slavery. As an individual, Lincoln hated slavery, he knew that neither Northerners nor the residents of the border slave states would support abolition as a war aim. As a Republican, he wished to eliminate it from the territories as the first step to putting the institution â€Å"in the course of ultimate extinction.† But as president of the United States, Lincoln was destined by the Constitution that protected slavery in any state where citizens wanted it. In September of 1862, after the Union’s victory at Antietam, Lincoln issued a preliminary decree stating that, unless the rebellious†¦show more content†¦President Abraham Lincoln did not initially plan to free the slaves in rebelling southern states. The Congress passed Compensated Emancipation Act in 1862 that paid the slave owners to release their slaves. After two years of war, President Lincoln enacted the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing slaves in rebelling Southern states. He was concerned that freeing all slaved would alienate border states. Because so many border states had slaves, Lincoln wanted to use a gradual compensated, and most importantly voluntary emancipation. The Emancipation Proclamation did not bring an effective end to slavery, but it did initiate the process and established a way for minorities to attain equality. Two army generals had previously made unsupported Proclamation to free slaves in rebelling Southern slaves. Major-General J.C. Fre mont in 1861 was first to radically use the martial law of military emancipation of slaves. However, General Fremont 1861 Proclamation is Missouri stated: â€Å"All persons who shall be taken with arms in their hands within these lines shall be tried by court-martial, and, if found guilty, will be shot. The property, real and personal, of all persons in the State of Missouri who shall take up arms against the United States, and who shall be directly proven to have active part with their enemies in the field, is declared to be confiscated to the public use; and their slaves, if any they have, are hereby declared free.†Show MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of The American Civil War1531 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Civil War was the South’s to lose, even though they lacked the firepower needed and had far less men, the win was within their grasp after the first shot at Fort Sumter. The reason for this was simple, they had a cause and they were willing to fight for it until the very end. They also had a few men who stood out as some of the most intelligent and militarily inclined leaders ever to have control of an army. Of those masterminds included Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson, James LongstreetRead MoreThe Legacy Of The American Civil War921 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Where there are men there will be war.† A simple statement made by one of the greatest thinkers of our generation, Albert Einstein. As a nation in its developmental stages there would be moments and trials that would define as a country and as a species. None more prevalent in our development than the civil war. Our founding fathers sought to create a perfect government, in which every individual has a voice. In certain aspects they succeeded greatly but in others they failed. The north and southRead MoreThe Legacy Of The American Civil War1110 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Civil War was the result of decades of sectional tensions between the North and South. Over the next several months eleven southern states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America. 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It involved and raised so many profound questions about nations and laws, and about humanity and conscience. Often described as the first modern war, it was, for Americans, the bloodiest ever fought. It changed fundamentally the nature of citizenship, and tried t o bring an end to one of the great obscenities for which humans have been responsible. Its divisions echo with us still today. Hanging a confederate flag has powerful connotations andRead MoreRace And Reunion : The Civil War1581 Words   |  7 Pagessouth. Striving for a reunion, a majority of American white communities close obscure the civil war racial narrative would only fade. In race and reunion: The Civil War in American memory, by David Blight, represents how Americans chose to remember the Civil War conflict, from the beginning of the turning point of the war. The two major themes race and reunion, demonstrate how white Americans adjusted and altered the causes and outcomes of the Civil War to reflect their particular ideas regardingRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy 1158 Words   |  5 PagesReflections on the Life, Assassination, and Legacy of John F. Kennedy written by Dean R. Owen is a series of reflections of people who knew and admired John F. Kennedy. Most people in the book discuss where they were the day of his assassination, their reaction, and how it affected everything and everyone around them. Others speak about what kind of leader Kennedy was, the legacy he left behind, and how when he died the country was never the same. Owen writes about people who once workedRead MoreTime Line 21050 Words   |  5 PagesNOTE: Before starting the Timeline project please refer to the Example Timeline Matrix document. Instructions: Complete the matrix by providing the Time Period/Date(s) in column B, and the Description and Significance of the People/Event(s) to American History in column C. See complete instructions in the Syllabus for the Module 3 assignment entitled. â€Å"Timeline Part II.† NOTE: The timeline project does not need to be submitted to turnitin. NOTE: Please write your answers in a clear and conciseRead MoreEssay about The Reconstruction Era: The Planted Seeds1231 Words   |  5 PagesThe first roar of the Civil War ended with a last gasp for air. Where in such a war more than six hundred twenty thousand men sacrificed their lives for their own belief in the abolishment of slavery (â€Å"Civil War Facts†). â€Å"We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain. That this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom† (Baslor). These wise words of Abraham Lincoln cleared the way of a desolate trail of violence and pain, yet he was determined to accomplish his plansRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln s 12 Years A Slave 1366 Words   |  6 Pages† During the Pre-Civil war period, the North and the South had already divided over their differences, such as geography and slavery. They found it hard to resolve their differences that tensions developed and fights broke out. These ev ents caused the need for leadership. Abraham Lincoln’s election caused him step up to that position of leadership which allowed him to leave a legacy by the Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg Address, and the Amendments. Lincoln set the Civil war and took Cultural

Economic Development Land Tenure Systems Free Essays

Land tenure can be defined as the traditional or legal rights which individuals and groups have to land and the behavior characteristics which directly result from these rights. The above definition denotes social relationships manifested in the property rights which individuals and groups have to the land. Land tenure is a crucial factor in the operation of rural land markets, influencing the pace and direction of agricultural development. We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Development Land Tenure Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since land tenure systems govern access to the means of production in agriculture, they have also been an intensely political subject in rural societies. The first indication of tenure considerations is found among certain preliterate or primitive societies. Among these groups the appropriation of land has not assumed importance in and of itself and the land is viewed as free in total. But in some societies which have progressed no further than a hunting and fishing economy, exclusive claims sometimes are made on certain parcels of land. Since colonial times, the dominant belief has been that individual tenure is more progressive, modern, efficient, and better for economic growth than indigenous communal tenure. The arguments in favor of labeling claimed that customary tenure is insecure for the small farmer and provides no incentive for land improvements, that it prevents land from being used as collateral for credit and that it prevents the transfer of land from inefficient users to efficient ones. They expected that indigenous customary tenure would wither, but it has proved surprisingly resilient and adaptable, and has coexisted with modern tenure. The most effective form of policy intervention would be governmental guidance, so that customary tenure systems evolve and operate more effectively. Some studies argue that tenure insecurity is correlated negatively with the quality of resource management. Over usage and degradation of natural resources, such as deforestation and soil erosion, are often characterized because of incomplete, inconsistent property rights, as the costs are borne by society as a whole, whereas benefits accrue to individuals. The relationship between customary tenure and land degradation indicates that customary tenure is partly responsible for land degradation. However the behavior that leads to land degradation by smallholder farmers under customary tenure cannot be linked to their lack of tenure security under customary tenure. Rather it is linked to other reasons such as lack of knowledge of conservation practices, use of traditional agricultural production practices that are not sustainable, and lack of inputs such as labor. In this regard, small farmers need extension methods that focus on relevant technologies that promote sustainable agricultur al production. (Lynn Smith, 1953) The concept of land reform is itself a controversial and semantically intriguing topic. Its narrowest and traditional meaning confines it to land distribution. A broader view includes in it other related changes in agricultural institutions, such as credit, taxation, rents, cooperatives, etc. It can also be interperated that these reforms are practically synonymous with all agricultural improvement measures — better seeds, price policies, irrigation, research, mechanization, etc. The Land Tenure reforms to be found in any country appear to a great extent to be the function of government. They are closely related to the social and economic well-being of the people. The latter fact sets the stage for the discussion in this chapter. Its concern is the major forms or systems of land tenure and the distinct patterns of social and economic relationships characteristic of each. By way of illustration they point out, among other examples, that individualism and individual initiative are usually more developed in a community of individual farm-owners on small holdings than in a community where one or a few men own all the land and the workers are serfs, laborers, or non-managing tenants of one kind or another. The extent to which the ownership and control of the land is concentrated in a few hands or widely distributed among those who live from farming is probably the most important single determinant of the welfare of the people on the land. Throughout the world wherever there is a widespread distribution of land ownership and control. The implication of intense pressure of farm population on agricultural land inevitably results in a farm-tenure situation that is unsatisfactory from the point of view of working farm people. This is so because pressure of population on land drives down the marginal productivity of labor and the real return to labor as a factor of production. If farm land-tenure reforms are not accompanied by policies to reduce excessive pressure of farm population on agricultural land, such reforms are likely to be of little or no avail. Fortunately, the two recent programs to assist depressed rural areas to some degree reflect an awareness of this principle. The term that is basic to land tenure theory and which helps to explain the usefulness of the interdisciplinary approach is distribution. According to economic theory, laying aside all qualifying statements for the sake of simplicity, the impersonal market distributes economic rewards according to merit. However, is too narrow a concept to explain fully the distribution principle even in a † free † market. (Alvin L. Bertrand, Floyd L. Corty 1962) The reform or liberal position on the land question thus far had been to make the public-land system function in a democratic way by assuring the small man the right to acquire a piece of the national domain. Limitations were put in the Preemption, the Graduation, the Homestead Acts and their variations to make certain that only the small man could take advantage of them until the issue of the patent, but beyond that they had no effect. All such measures were therefore used by large interests acting through fake buyers to acquire lands they could not legally acquire otherwise. Timber land in Wisconsin, Minnesota, California, and Washington, grazing lands in Colorado, Wyoming, Arizona, and Idaho, wheat lands in Kansas, Nebraska, North and South Dakota passed into the hands of great lumber companies, cattle companies, and bonanza farm groups under laws that were designed to prevent large-scale accumulation. The unwillingness of Congress to experiment with restrictions on alienation made inevitable the concentration of ownership which grieved western agrarians. (Alvin L. Bertrand, Floyd L. Corty, 1962) Evans, Greeley, George, and other radicals had failed to carry the mass of land reformers with them on the question of alienability. Americans found it easy to be radical or to favor reform when to do so did not impose any self limitation, but few were attracted to any idea that might restrict their right to accumulate property or to sell and gain the unearned increment. The reforms which were being adopted at this late time were both ineffective and to some extent unwise. Since the desirable size for land-use units was increasing as population moved into the arid and semi-arid regions, the 320 acre limitation on the amount of government land persons could acquire compelled either evasion and abuse of the laws to acquire adequately sized units or the establishment of small grain farms in areas unsuited to cultivation. This pattern of evasion and abuse of the land laws and the establishment of small grain farms in areas better planned by nature for grazing carried well into the twentieth century. Not until 1934 were comprehensive and far-reaching reforms initiated to produce a desirable and constructive plan of land use. The preponderant, almost the universal view of Americans until near the end of the nineteenth century was that the government should get out of the land business as rapidly as possible by selling or giving to settlers, donating for worthy purposes and ceding the lands to the states which should in turn pass them swiftly into private hands. No matter how badly owners abused their holdings through reckless cultivation, destructive and wasteful cutting of the timber, prodigal and careless mining for coal and drilling for oil, few questioned their right to subject their property to any form of use or abuse. An extensive part of the fertile coastal plain and piedmont of the South and of the hill-farming area of the northeast could be cultivated in such a way as to reduce the land to barren, gullied, and eroded tracts no longer able to produce crops, to support families, and to carry their share of community costs, but few denied the right of the owners to do as they wished with their property or, more fundamentally, questioned the system of land distribution that seemed to invite such practices. The shore line of the Atlantic, of bays and inlets, of inland lakes all near congested urban areas could be monopolized by a wealthy few, and still there were few complaints. Rich landlords, speculators, and corporations could buy unlimited amounts of land from the United States, or purchase from other owners who had acquired tracts from the state or federal government and keep their holdings from development for years, thereby blighting whole areas, delaying the introduction of schools and roads and doing immeasurable harm to neighboring residents. References Alvin L. Bertrand, Floyd L. Corty (1962) Rural Land Tenure in the United States: A Socio- Economic Approach to Problems, Programs, and Trends. Southwest Land Tenure Research Committee   Louisiana State University Press. Place of Publication: Baton Rouge Alvin L. Bertrand, † The Social System as a Conceptual and Analytical Device in the Study of Land Tenure,† Land Tenure Workshop Report, Chap. VII. Lynn Smith, The Sociology of Rural Life (3d ed.; New York: Harper Bros., 1953), 274. Rawls John ( 1971) The Theory of Justice. Belknap Press. Rawls J (2001) Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Roth Michael 2002) Integrating Land Issues and Land Policy with Poverty Reduction and Roland R. Renne, Land Economics ( New York: Harper Bros., 1947), 429. William H. Nicholls, † Southern Traditions and Regional Economic Progress,† Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 26 ( January, 1960), 187-98; id., Southern Traditions and Regional Economic Progress ( Chapel Hill, N. C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1960). How to cite Economic Development Land Tenure Systems, Essay examples

Auditorium Music Testing free essay sample

Division of the music library into groups on basis of familiarity and likeability levels This output helps the programming team prune the play mix and help identify songs which should be played more/less Extended Objectives Besides the obvious output of segregating the songs into lists (basis which should be played more/less/discarded), AMT outputs are analyzed for higher understanding as follows: It gives us answers as to whether the city TG prefers regional music over Hindi or English music and hence, helps us form programming strategies. In addition, comparison of AMT output of two cities aides ground level understanding for the programming team which is helpful in designing the play mix. For example, comparison of Delhi vs. Mumbai outputs prove that Delhi audience tends towards Punjabi hits whereas Mumbai audience prefers more evolved Hindi Bollywood numbers with softer tempo. Over a period of time, understanding how music preferences vary over various Indian regions helps the station make more informed choices when launching in new markets. We will write a custom essay sample on Auditorium Music Testing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Unilever and Proctor Gamble Essay Sample free essay sample

A Frenchman named Henri Fayol ( 1841-1925 ) . although an applied scientist came up with a theory. He changed the ideas of concern disposal and sculpted a construction of direction that is practiced even now in this twenty-four hours and age by a huge figure of companies worldwide. This theory of his. now normally known as ‘The 14 rules of direction by Fayol’ is traveling to be applied in two mega-organisations such as Uniliver and Proctor A ; Gamble ( P A ; G ) : Proctor A ; Gamble and Unilever are two large transnational corporations that manufacture a big scope of consumer goods such as drinks. nutrient. personal attention merchandises. merchandises for the place. etc. The former is an American transnational corporation while the latter is a Dutch-British transnational corporation. In around 1997. Unilever decided that it was clip to get down populating up to its possible. The new aim to increase focal point and better consequences. unsurprisingly go a precedence. We will write a custom essay sample on Unilever and Proctor Gamble Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Clear way was set and it was agreed about nem con that the company should direct its focal point on specific undertakings and merchandises that mattered. For case. the sale of the chemicals concern in 1997. although considered as a really promising chance. if holding been allowed to stay in the portfolio would hold resulted in a divergence of managerial attending. labor. support. etc. This helped Unilever impart more of its clip and energy into their other merchandises as they didn’t have to worry about the chemical concern any longer. This and other such cases finally lead to a steep growing in the development for Unilever. In the 1990s. Unilever realized that it wasn’t developing and turning really fast – both in footings of net income and size. The head of the many jobs was that they focused a considerable sum of clip and energy on excessively many undertakings. most of which did non necessitate that much attending. Finally. Unilever realized that although th ey had the equal cognition and means to turn on a much faster and larger graduated table. non plenty was done to work the economic system to do a serious and desirable growing jet for them. A serious lacking of enterprise was merely but obvious. Although there was creativeness. there was no 1 to take up the wand and run with the thought. Inaugural doesn’t halt at the thought. What makes it count is when the thought blazes into a world through the flickers of executing. Since the start of the new century. thoughts were executed and the steady growing was inevitable. And to promote this. Unilever invested US $ 1 billion for the twelvemonth 2001 dedicated for the intent of research and development. It besides added an excess US $ 5. 7 billion for the selling of its merchandises. In an inspirational film Remember the Titans ( 2000 ) ; the manager of a high school American-football squad is faced with the undertaking of unifying his participants who are of both races. black and white. At that clip. due to the fortunes sing racism. to even believe of equity between the two antecedently mentioned races as a possibility would be madness. And to add to the coach’s mountain of a state of affairs. he needed credence into his squad as he was an African American. But one line that doesn’t fail to talk to the bosom of the spectator is when Coach Boone. standing on the same land where the Gettysburg Battle was fought. expresses the desire for his squad to develop the espirt de corps by shouting out these words to his squad. â€Å"If we don’t come together on this hallowed land. we excessively will be destroyed! † Equity and esprit de corps travel hand-in-hand. And Unilever. acknowledging that they were one of the most international companies in the universe. ensured that by first settling the fact that each individual was equal to another and cipher was higher than another by race. faith. sex or any other factor. Because without recognizing equity. people can non develop the espirt de corps which requires harmoniousness and integrity among people. Once Unilever had dealt with equality among the employees. it was easy to blend people into different squads and therefore bring forth greater consequences as different positions and positions were added to teamwork with the aid of different backgrounds. huge experiences and diverse civilizations from these employees. A really similar policy was followed and still is followed in P A ; G. P A ; G’s strive for regard to be shown throughout and on every degree of the company hopes to finally see a complete abolition of force. favoritism. subjugation. etc. and therefore finally develop the e sprit de corps for itself in harmoniousness and integrity. Many organisations consider the wage of its employees slightly of a delicate fuss. The existent battle lies in happening the right balance between working hours. benefits. committees and wages that will profit both the company and the employee. However. if this ‘balance’ is met. the opportunities of a company maintaining its employees run enormously high. In the instance of Unilever. they had made a program to maintain their employees every bit long as they perchance could. They started out by first choosing the right people for the occupation. By and large. these were people who showed high potency. Once the individual was selected. a good wage was given to him along with sensible working hours and plentifulness of benefits. This resulted in a steady turnover from the employees and a stableness of forces as employees were happy with their on the job conditions and didn’t feel the demand to happen work in new grazing lands. It was besides of benefit to Unilever as effectivity and overall consequences turned for the better of the organisation. By maintaining its employees. Unilever was really giving them much more experience in their peculiar field of work and besides heightening the opportunities of publicity within the company instead than outside engaging which normally turns out to be a more expensive and drawn-out procedure. P A ; G by and large has the lesser sum of jobs when it comes to wage and stableness of its employees. As the employees are introduced into the company after seminars. development plans and leisure trips to the U. K. and Ireland. a comfort zone is unwittingly built for them. They are besides given particular attending and are made to go to several classs on the debut and operation of P A ; G. Besides a heavy wage. employees are awarded immense inducements and fillips for finishing undertakings. Incentives are given to three classs of productiveness: top performing artists ( those who perform much better than the set mark ) . cardinal subscribers ( those who perform what they were asked ) and those who perform below the mark set for them. The company sets its wage on the same degrees as that of other major worldwide companies but chooses to present high fillips to promote its employees to avoid absenteeism and slack in productiveness. In 2001. Unilever found the demand to split work . after the procurance of top companies such as Bestfoods and Slimfast. These new methods of direction split the focal point from a really general position to a specific manner of direction. A separate section was set up to overlook the proceedings for nutrient and another was set up to make the same for homo and personal attention. Each section had its ain research squad and concern squad. Hence. different marks were set for each section so that each section would endeavor for excellence through a monolithic encouragement to its invention and quicker determination devising. which would ensue in a quickening in the execution of those determinations. Unilever. with its long-run attack to direction and growing. found that it is better for an person to travel from one runing company to another ( within Unilever ) so as to acquire the maximal experience he perchance can and to broaden his position on direction itself. Although this may look to be as a mark of uncertainness and unrest in the short-run. in the long tally this is a policy has proven dramatic consequences as directors return back to the first subdivision as senior directors and company function theoretical accounts. Puting the general good of the company foremost means puting the organisational aim as precedence over the personal end. This doesn’t imply that the personal aims of the employee are to be cr ushed and that they are to make merely as the company orders. What this really means is that even though every employee has his/her ain ground for fall ining the peculiar company. imparting those grounds in such a manner that it is good to the company and to the employee is what is desirable. P A ; G allows its employees to take drawn-out holiday interruptions and work lesser hours a hebdomad but on a status that when the employees are working. there is a 100 % productiveness and effectivity from their portion. Even though it may look as a though P A ; G is losing clip because its employees are working less compared to those in other companies. it is really the solution to their high productiveness rates. When it comes to ‘calling the shots’ . the people in higher places with the greater authorization make the determinations. Authority is the right to give orders and to obtain obeisance. There are chiefly two ways in through which these determinations are taken: centralisation or decentalisation. Most organisations use a mixture of both systems. Centralization is when the determinations are made at the caput of the house. Although considered as parent companies. both Unilever N. V. ( Netherlands ) and Unilever plc. ( U. K. ) operate a batch as a individual entity. A commission of seven members. led by the presidents of both subdivisions in Netherlands and the U. K. are responsible for strategically taking the other smaller subdivisions around the universe. Ever since the 1970s. Unilever had been following such a construction. Although this may look the best manner to travel about doing determinations. it is really a very clip consuming and energy disbursement method. And because of this centralisation. there was a monolithic failure when Unilever wanted to unify with other companies. Ever since 2005. the determination to deconcentrate power has proven to be the right measure frontward. Even though this is a long procedure that can non be done nightlong. and is still in the procedure of being wholly realized. the benefits of this alteration are bearing fruit for Unilever. However. the scalar concatenation is still being respected in Unilever. This means that the higher up the concatenation the individual is. the more authorization and duty is g ranted to him. It besides ensures that every individual still has a foreman to describe to. As famously said by Uncle Ben to the chief character Peter Parker portrayed by Tobey Maguire in the action film Spiderman ( 2001 ) . â€Å"With great power comes great duty! † so does the same apply to direction. If a individual has authorization over another. so he is besides responsible for the development of that subsidiary. Besides if a individual has a foreman. so no 1 else is allowed to give him instructions that change the initial direction given to him by his ain foreman. This means that there must be some kind of integrity in bid when it comes to teaching a individual. A individual can non hold two different higher-ups giving him instructions over one same affair. This will take to heavy contradictions and confusion among the subsidiaries. Decentralization is the sort of order that runs in P A ; G. Employees. unlike those in Unilever are allowed to do certain determinations within their boundaries drawn out to them. They are given much more authorization but besides on their home bases. come a batch more duty. Despite P A ; G being an exceptionally big administration. the communicating that appears to be taking topographic point between directors and employees is surprisingly really informal and societal. Even though formal meetings. are held between a director and his subsidiary. in P A ; G a d ifferent type of communicating is noticed. Here the senior director is allowed to speak to a junior employee anytime he feels like even to the extent that a insouciant tiffin is allowable and frequent. In add-on to that. employees are encouraged to subject suggestions on a quarterly footing to the HR section where so an one-year elaborate feedback is forwarded to the director based on the suggestions and ailments sent in by his employees. Discipline from Employees can non be overlooked. To obey the regulations and ordinances set by the administration requires non merely subjecting subsidiaries but besides good higher-ups at all grades. The same disciplinary guidelines are followed at P A ; G and Unilever. where employees are expected to work with unity. in all honestness and with the extreme regard for their colleges and clients. Recently the criterions of relationships between people both inside and outside the company have been raised. Malpractice. fraud. payoff. etc. of any degree does non have any kind of amusement whatsoever. Before fall ining the company. each and every employee is warned that there are terrible penalties that come with such patterns. Overall. there isn’t much of a difference between both Unilever and P A ; G as both of them run about the same sort of concern. They both trade with so many merchandises and hence drama immense functions in the planetary market when it comes to merchandises like theirs. That is why they have so many similarities when it comes to train and equity. They besides see each other as competition and the competition between the two has surely caused the two to hold some differences in direction manners like the concatenation of bid and order. wage and stableness of its employees. Mentions 1 ) How Procter and Gamble Survived Through Innovation – A Case Study – a knol by Osman Masahudu Gunu. 2011. How Procter and Gamble Survived Through Innovation – A Case Study – a knol by Osman Masahudu Gunu. [ ONLINE ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //knol. Google. com/k/how-procter-and-gamble-survived-through-innovation-a-case-study # . [ Accessed 12 November 2011 ] . 2 ) Unilever planetary company web site. 2011. Unilever planetary company web site. [ ONLINE ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. unilever. com/ . [ Accessed 12 November 2011 ] . 3 ) PG. com Home: sustainability. company. trade names. 2011. PG. com Home: sustainability. company. trade names. [ ONLINE ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. pg. com/en_US/index. shtml. [ Accessed 12 November 2011 ] . 4 ) 14 Principles of Management of Henri Fayol. . 2011. 14 Principles of Management of Henri Fayol. . [ ONLINE ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: / /www. citehr. com/137134-14-principles-management-henri-fayol. hypertext markup language. [ Accessed 12 November 2011 ] . 5 ) National Council Of Educational Research And Training: : Home. 2011. National Council Of Educational Research And Training: : Home. [ ONLINE ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //ncert. nic. in/NCERTS/textbook/textbook. htm? lebs1=2-8. [ Accessed 12 November 2011 ]

NHC The Importance of a Human Resource Manager

NHC The Importance of a Human Resource Manager In a poor community one of the most important things to have is a health facility. Health is wealth as the saying goes, a simple statement but true. A successful career and all the material wealth that comes with it is incomparable to health. But poverty provides barriers for those who are not insured and could not afford to pay the fees of a medical doctor or avail of the health services of a private clinic.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on NHC: The Importance of a Human Resource Manager specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, in poor places like North Suburbia it is imperative to maintain the Neighborhood health clinic (NHC). However, the NCH is plague with monetary and employee-related problems. There are many solutions that NHC leaders can consider but it can be argued that hiring a competent human resource manager is the most effective solution that can create an immediate positive effect. The Trouble at NHC There was a time when North Suburbia was an attractive place to live. Due to an economic boom in the 1980s, Caucasians, African-Americans, and Hispanics began to replace the American-Indians that used to dominate the region. After a while, and because of significant shifts in the economic climate of the place, African-Americans became the majority. However, this trend did not last for long because high cost of living and expensive housing drove many away and the vacuum left was soon filled in by Hispanics. The only common denominator is that most of the residents are poor regardless of their ethnic background. Poverty easily creates a chain reaction of negative effects. The workload increases but the patients that come to NHC cannot afford to pay the bills. The NHC cannot run on good will and compassion alone. It must have a steady cash flow in order to buy medicines, purchase necessary equipment and pay for the wages of the health workers. Thus, the members of the board and top lea ders of NHC must also divide their time to not only manage the facility but also to raise funds for the health center. But aside from the lack of funds other pressing concerns threatens to shut down the NHC. There is a culture and communication issue. There is a need to have equal representation in terms of ethnic composition of the work force.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If NHC fails to attract African-American workers then the members of the black community would not be encouraged to use the services of the said facility, thinking that the place is run by Hispanics. If the situation is reversed the same thing will happen to the sentiments of the Spanish-speaking members of North Suburbia, they too will feel uncomfortable in availing the services of the NHC. The most sought after members of the community that should work in the health center are African-A mericans; however, they are some of the most unreliable groups of workers that can be found at NHC. These are undependable workers because they are the byproduct of an environment struggling with a high crime rate, gangs, and drug use. According to one health officer: â€Å"some potential employees also had criminal records, were recovering from problems with substance abuse or had complicated family issues that could potentially interfere with their work schedules† (Denend, 2005, p.65). The situation calls for an expert in human resource management. It is of great importance to upgrade the workforce and the leadership core of NHC, nevertheless, â€Å"despite the tremendous need for training, NHC had been limited in the amount of time and money it devoted to staff development† (Denend, 2005, p.65). There must be continuous training to update the skills of the health workers. At the same time it is also crucial to bring them to a level of maturity and confidence in orde r to minimize the risk of errors. Most Effective Solution At first glance the root cause of the problem is poverty and the lack of funds. But in truth these are social issues that NHC must not focus on. Surely it is important to increase the earning capacity of the members of the community but the main task of NHC is not to stimulate the economic recovery of the said region. At first glance it seems that members of the board must work harder when it comes to fund-raising endeavors. But weighing all the problems there is one action that can address a major portion of the issues. The leaders must put their heads together to attract and hire a competent human resources manager.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on NHC: The Importance of a Human Resource Manager specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The core problem was echoed by one employee who said, â€Å"There’s no HR here, so everything goes to management† (Denend, 2005, p.66). Imagine the confusion and the burden carried by the officials of NHC when they try to put out fires without solving the root cause of the troubles that they face. They have to realize quickly that even if they raise funds, the money will be wasted on hiring the wrong people and the added cost of errors in the workplace, not to mention work-related violence, can close down the NHC. Members of the board must remember that there is a close connection between employee performance and customer satisfaction (Buttle, 2004). This is the domain of an HR manager. They are able to deal with an assortment of employment problems. The first order of business is to develop the correct strategies in order to hire the right personnel. It is therefore imperative to hire a competent HR manager because the HR department acts like a filter that will sift through the application data, in order to choose the right candidate for the task at hand. It is important to realize that recru itment processes and strategies must be enhanced to adapt to the challenges faced by the community (Buttle, 2004, p.9). The HR manager must learn to use information to be able to predict to a certain degree that an applicant possess the right characteristics suited for the job. A competent HR manager possesses the right qualification to provide the necessary training for the employees. A competent HR manager also understands the ethical issues that are in existence. Therefore, the hiring process as well as the methodologies used for training the employees must be carefully studied so that there would be no complaints from the community. Nevertheless, it is not enough to hire the right people and train them; an effective motivation program must also exist.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More HR managers know the value of motivation and the need for employees to work at the highest levels. They are aware that motivation enables health workers to strive for a higher standard of service excellence (Moynihan Pandey, 2007, p.803). HR managers are trained to develop and maintain a system of monitoring in order to determine the performance of the members of the staff. They know how to detect a significant drop in performance levels and when that occurs a competent HR manager is also capable of raising-up the standards once again. HR managers must work closely with the management team at NHC to pinpoint proven methods of motivation so that it will meet changes in the community and at the same time inspire the workforce (Boella Goss-Turner, 2005, p.42). The members of the board and other managers are focused on the medical aspect of the health center and can easily neglect the needs of the workers. The need to motivate employees is imperative in every form of business but in t he case of NHC it is a matter of life and death. It is not just about profit but the survival of the community. Without a reliable workforce, the health center will be forced to shut down. Motivation is the key but it is not a byproduct of wishful thinking, it is the result of careful planning. It requires specific knowledge and experience on how to manage the human resources aspect of the NHC. Conclusion It is easy to understand why the members of the board focused on raising funds. Without a sustainable source of income the NHC can close down in a year or two. However, a focus on the monetary aspect of the problem will never solve most of the issues because at the core of the problem is the lack of management expertise, especially in the area of human resource management. Even if the said facility has access to money, the current crop of employees are unable to maximize it to help those in need. Tardiness, errors in the workplace and unsatisfactory service easily defeat the purpos e of the NHC. The goal is to help people and therefore aside from the need to purchase medicines and equipment it is imperative to have well-trained and well-motivated health workers doing their job. The most important step is to hire a competent HR manager in order to increase the efficiency of the NHC and reduce its overhead costs so that the funds can be stretched even further to provide service for those who are desperately in need of medical care. References Boella, M. Goss-Turner, S. (2005). Human Resource Management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Buttle, F. (2004). Customer Relationship Management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Denend, L. (2005). Neighborhood Health Clinic: Serving the Underserved in a Complex Environment. CA: Stanford Graduate School of Business. Moynihan, D. S. Pandey. (2007). Finding Workable Levers Over Work Motivation: Comparing Satisfaction, Job Involvement, and Organizational Commitment. Administration and Society, 39(7), 803-832.

Kingfisher patisseries goes international Essay

Kingfisher patisseries goes international - Essay Example ed offers from Singaporean and Korean food processors because of Patrick’s limited knowledge of those markets as well as ambiguous regulations that governed the import and sale of food products in those countries (Kotler, 2007). This should have served as an example for Patrick and Kingfisher into not entering into markets about which they know little about. This issue raises questions about client-supplier relationships and as shown in the case, all recipients from the suppliers cannot be relied upon to act in good faith or show compliance with local regulations that are in place in the countries in which they operate. Further, Denzo Gato cannot be excused of negligence or ignorance about the local regulations as he is expected to fully comply with the same. Taking all these factors into consideration, the conclusion is that Kingfisher should not have entered into contractual obligations with Denzo Gato. As the case shows, Kingfisher lost out on the contract as well as suffered monetary losses as well. Q2) In my opinion, Denzo Gato was not a good choice for Kingfisher in terms of compatibility. First, Denzo Gato operates in what is known as the â€Å"grey area† between complying with regulations in the letter of the law and the spirit of the law. Denzo Gato does not fully comply with the regulations and operates in between the relevant laws. The case illustrates the fact that Denzo Gato was a large chain that covered the supermarkets as well as four star hotels. However, this means that Kingfisher is not compatible with Denzo Gato in terms of size or scale of operation (Hartman, 1995). The other aspect of incompatibility is because of the technological gap that exists between Kingfisher’s operations and that of Denzo Gato. There is a clear instance of Kingfisher not being technologically compatible with that of Denzo Gato. The case shows the instances where Denzo Gato had to repeatedly ask Kingfisher to upgrade its manufacturing processes and align them

Answering 2 questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answering 2 questions - Assignment Example My personal contributions will aim at fulfilling some holes in the research topic by bringing in ideas that seek to affirm contentious issues in the topic. I believe that I will be able to offer sufficient support for my claims as well as highlighting the myths and misconceptions surrounding the topic. I think the final choices of peers are valid as they can form the basis for a credible research topic. In relation my selected topic, I have seen many things that may alter my view of the subject. First of all, television commercial are not only based in emotions as I had earlier stated but they are also based on some known facts. They not only appeal to our emotions but some of them are based on things that we cannot do without and as a result, the advertisements are just a matter of conveying the information and not appealing for convince us through emotional approach. I have discovered that logos can also be applied in commercials by stating the logic behind the need to consume some products. According to the definition of research as depicted in the lecture notes, it is about creation of a topic and not just writing on the topic. This means that one must come up with new ideas and strategies that have never been handled conclusively and the debate on them rages on. This is a new insight to me as far as research writing is concerned. I will now focus more on the coming up with new ideas as opposed to the ones already known and proved. By taking this approach, I will be able to write one of the best papers and fill all the knowledge gaps in my research

Emergence Of Neoliberal Development Theory Economics Essay

Emergence Of Neoliberal Development Theory Economics Essay Introduction This essay aims to justify the emergence of neoliberal development theory by analysing the historical, political and economic backgrounds in the second half of the twentieth century and identify the key features of its success. Also, the essay aims to establish the reasons behind the failure of the Keynesian model that was dominant prior to the neoliberal theory. Firstly, it will define development, outline its origins and goals and look back at the history of development to identify major theories prevailing in global economics. Secondly, it will account for the transition from the Keynesianism to neoliberal theory and argue that the main drawback of the former extensive state intervention in economics was the reason behind the rise of the latter. Finally, it will analyse the neoliberal development theory in terms of its strengths and weaknesses and conclude with suggesting perspectives of the theory in the future. What is development? Development presents an elusive concept to define. As the term itself is incredibly broad, the simplest definition of Good Change (Chambers 1997) will not suffice: factors such as time, perspective and focus should be considered to encompass the term (Thomas 2000). Development does not happen overnight, therefore, to understand it we need to look at a series of changes throughout history and the inevitable processes which accompany it. Secondly, understanding of development shifts depending on the vision or perspective of what development aims to achieve (modern society, maximum use of human potential or fixing the faults of progress). Finally, development could be seen as a focused effort to eradicate a problem (i.e. poverty, hunger, AIDS, etc.). Generally, development is summarised as a process of developing countries trying to catch up with developed countries (Kiely 2007). If we look at the current goals in development outlined by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), we can see that in developing countries by 2015: Extreme poverty should be reduced by one half. Universal primary education should be ensured and gender disparity in education eliminated. Infant/child mortality should be reduced by two thirds and maternal mortality by three quarters. National strategies for sustainable development should be implemented (OECD 1996). On the surface these goals appear to tackle social problems (quality of life and education) but they are deeply intertwined with both politics and economics. In order to achieve those state leaders need to work along with international organisations whose economic expertise can help to shape needed policies. No matter how noble these aspirations sound, it is the question whether they are realistic enough to implement that we should ask ourselves. It is possible to assess the chances of success better by looking back at the history of development and its former achievements. The modern history of development begins with the end of the Second World War in 1945 when new states emerged and the old international order was reshaped. The key theme in development was expanding the economic growth through industrialisation. The unique position of the USA after the war (minimal losses) facilitated its becoming a super power. Not only did it have an exceptional political influence in the international affairs but it also helped to promote capitalism and democratic values in Europe as well as the developing countries. The USA did this not only through foreign aid and direct investment but creating such international organisations as the UN, the IMF and the World Bank. The Cold War split the world into two camps: capitalist and communist. While the superpowers were trying to win more political influence, they also helped to modernise developing countries by boosting their economies. Of course, it came with a price joining a camp of the donors. The USA supported national liberation of the colonies and promoted development of anti-communist ex-colonies. This period from 1950s to 1970s is also known as the golden age of capitalism. High rates of profit facilitated high rates of capital accumulation and unprecedented economic growth, high productivity, high wages, expanding demand (Kiely 2007). Such growth resulted in full employment, creation of welfare system and a spread of globalisation. However, by the 1970s problems with the system became obvious: states had monopolized important industries (coal, steel) which limited the capacity of economic growth, thus investment was dominated by political not economic reasons. Preston argues that there was an assumption that states have the right to intervene directly in production and distribution (Preston 1996: p. 154-156). This resulted in capital not being allowed to cross borders without government approval, so states could set domestic interest rates, fix the exchange rate, tax and spend as they wanted to secure national economic objectives, moreover, the divide between developed and developing countries remained high (Leys 1996). The decline in profit rates recorded in the developed countries at the end of the 1960s deepened and in the 1970s spread into an open capitalist crisis, characterized by a swing of the whole system into monetary-financial chaos, exploding inequalities, and mass unemployment (Herrera 2006). The Keynesian model The golden age of capitalism was dominated by the Keynesian development model, which maintains that the level of economic activity is determined by the level of aggregate demand (Palley 2004). John Maynard Keynes, the forefather of modern macroeconomics, argued that if markets were depoliticised, completely free from the intervention of governments, it would cause a period of economic depression and financial crisis. In order to prevent such a downfall he suggested that governments should control fiscal and monetary policies. Within this theory unemployment could be explained through weakness in the aggregate demand generation process that capitalist economies are subject to. In the aftermath of the post war period it was this particular model that allowed states to rebuild and boost economies. A weak point, however, was the so-called spending ratchet governments provided additional support for workers during hard times but it was politically difficult to take them away during a booming economy. Therefore, the rate of economic growth slowed down and the risk of inflation rose. This was not the only problem with the Keynesianism. According to Palley (2004) there existed two sub-theories about income distribution: one originating in the USA, the other in the UK. American Keynesians advocated the neoliberal paid what you are worth theory of income distribution, while British Keynesians argue that income distribution depends significantly on institutional factors. Palley then explains it in detail: It meant that not only do a factors relative scarcity and productivity matter, but so too does its bargaining power, which is impacted by institutional arrangements. This explains the significance of trade unions, laws governing minimum wages, employee rights at work, and systems of social protection such as unemployment insurance. Finally, public understandings of the economy also matter, since a public that views the economy through a bargaining power lens will have greater political sympathies for trade unions and institutions of social protection (Palley 2004: 2 ). In essence the two schools differed in their understanding of the factors involved in (simply put) wages and income. For example an American Keynesian, would view an employees bargaining power in wage negotiations as entirely dependent on demand for the employees skills, its relative scarcity and the employers ability to pay. The British view in however would encompass such additional factors as unions (in the case of employment) enforcing collective bargaining or national minimum wage structures. The British view therefore contained a more realistic accounting of income distribution versus a more pure capitalist view. One of the major factors of the transition from the Keynesianism to neoliberalism was the unstable prices for petrol in the OPEC in the 1970s. Another factor is of social nature the USA has promoted individualism that rejected the communist collective economic approach and kindled the debates in favour of free markets not controlled by the government. Combined with the divide between the train of Keynesian thought in the UK and the USA the theory slowly started to be replaced with neoliberalism. What is neoliberal development theory? Like development neoliberalism is a disputed notion. This term could be attributed to describe a theory of International Relations, an ideology, a development theory or economic theory. To avoid confusion we suggest a definition by Harvey: Neoliberalism  is  a  theory  of  political  economic  practices that proposes that human well being can best be advanced by liberating individual entrepreneurial freedoms and skills within an institutional framework characterized by strong property rights, free markets and free trade. The role of the state is to create and preserve an institutional framework  appropriate to such practices (Harvey, 2005: 2). Neoliberal development theory has emerged in 1970s with the end of the golden age of capitalism. As the world economy was entering a recession, old strategies ceased to work and neoliberalism claimed to provide tools to overcome the financial crisis. The core of the theory lied in an assumption that bad policies were rooted in extensive governmental intervention in economics. Economic growth could be restored by policies ensuring competitiveness in the world economy. Neoliberal development theory aimed to enhance growth, create free markets, replace the Keynesianism that proved to be weak, and eliminate the intervention of the state in the economy that resulted in poor economic performance in many countries (Harrison, 2005). This approach was adopted by major international organisations such as the IMF and the World Bank which made the transition faster. This theory accumulated popularity as the USSR economic growth began to slow down in the 1980s and with the collapse of the Soviet Union, capitalism had proven to be a superior political-economic system to those that had  been its alternatives (Flew 2012). In order to understand what neoliberalism could offer that the Keynesianism could not Herrera (2006) splits the neoliberal strategies into domestic and international ones. They are both aimed at ensuring that the USA sustains and develops its hegemony. Firstly, at the national level, implementing the government control free economy by: (1) deforming the structure of capital ownership to the benefit of the private sector, (2) reducing public spending for social purposes, and (3) imposing wage austerity as a key priority in fighting inflation. Then, to internationally maintain the dominance of the American dollar with the help of the major international organisations and to promote free trade. This argument is in line with the Washington Consensus development strategies which included fiscal discipline, keeping inflation under control, welcoming foreign trade and investment, reducing the role of the government in general, and promoting new exports (Skidmore and Smith, 2005: 59). As com plementary to these goals, the Consensus also advocated tax reform including cutting marginal tax rates (reducing taxes for the rich), creating a unified and competitive exchange rate, and securing property rights (particularly for foreigners in developing countries) (Todaro and Smith, 2006: 538). During the last 30 years this objective has resulted in the proliferation of neoliberal policies of deregulation, privatisation and marketisation (Cahill 2010). When portraying neoliberalism it is paramount to mention the basic principle of individualism. Neoliberalism implies that at the very heart of the concept lies the uniqueness of an individual that leads to subjective and self-centred preferences. Cahill (2010) argues that neoliberals base the defence of free markets on this: liberty is depicted as a core aim of society in which markets represent spheres of voluntary exchanges between individuals. Based on the assumption that from rational point of view individuals would only engage in an exchange that was beneficial for them, markets allow them to satisfy preferences free from external interference or coercion. This way markets represent an excellent platform for spreading liberty. From the economic point of view free markets, with voluntary exchange at their core, let the preferences of rational self interested utility maximisers to be expressed and satisfied. In this case prices represent markers of such preferences and along with the freedom of choice ensure that resource allocation is subject to the preferences. Such system leads to the claim of neoliberals that are not only moral but efficient means for producing and distributing goods and services. Freed from governmental involvement markets produce better results unlike when being under state control with politicians inevitably choosing one industry over another. It appears that better results could be achieved with a shift from the public to the private sector. Strengths/weaknesses In order to establish if the transition to the neoliberal development theory was successful it is necessary to go back to the goals that the theory proponents wanted to achieve: free trade, economic growth, liberalisation, depoliticising of economics and privatisation. While there is evidence that free trade facilitated economic growth it has been slower than expected and still connected with state intervention: there is a positive correlation between an economys exposure to international trade and the size of its government in the years from the 1960s to the 1990s (Rodrik 1998) and similarly whereas levels of trade and levels of government expenditure are positively correlated, countries in which trade has increased more quickly in recent decades have experienced slower growth in government spending (Garett 2001). At the same time free trade and liberalisation has facilitated the emergence and development of globalisation opening new prospects of integration in the international economics and society. On the other hand, globalisation has its own drawbacks, especially in regards to developing countries they still have to catch up with more advanced states but the competition is a lot higher. Without modern technologies which are too expensive, tight budgets and a lack of mass production capability the developing countries, for example in sub-Saharan Africa, remain behind the western states or BRIC countries. Moreover, they have not achieved political freedom either the international organizations call on national governments to adopt neoliberal economic policies imposed from without while the globalized financial markets dispossess these states of their sovereignty and foreign core capital insinuates itself into the periphery countries capitalist ownership structure (Herrera 2006: 5). Promoting democracy and liberalisation could mask more egoistic than altruistic reasons. Neoliberal reforms concentrate on achieving them at the expense of other important factors of development, such as environmental protection, human rights and most important elimination of global absolute poverty (Todaro and Smith, 2006: 548). Conclusions and considerations Summing up the explanation of the emergence of the neoliberal development theory we argue that although the theory has proven to be flawed, nevertheless, its world domination is justified and it is likely to continue its course in the future. While the Keynesian model was efficient during the post-war period and helped to rebuild the economy, it could not provide the international community with the tools they needed to overcome the financial recession in the 1970s. The state-controlled economics framework could not accept and embrace the free market and privatisation because it would mean losing a substantial part of political influence for the governments. Therefore, neoliberalism was the rational choice to adopt in order to revive the economy. As the major superpower (and after the end of the Cold War the unitary) the USA hegemony started to spread further the IMF, the World Bank and other international institutions promoted the development of neoliberalism in both developed and developing countries. Neoliberals believed that markets are able to manage and distribute capital better than states. For the developing countries it also meant more options for employment by expanding the output of exports. Conversely, the emergence, development and finally establishment of the neoliberal development theory as the dominant one has created a number of issues that are complicated to resolve: the widening gap between the rich and the poor, the slowdown of the economic growth and the recession. Promoting democracy and liberal values often hide states own interest, i.e. the war in Iraq in 2003, recent interventions in Syria and Libya. Although economy has become less state-oriented the goals of multinational corporations do not comprise of reducing poverty and inequality as their primary objective. In order to sustain the neoliberal model, it should be re-developed to provide better social security, lessen inequality and poverty, pay greater attention to human rights and create truly independent and unbiased institutions. Only then the 2015 goals of development could be achieved.

Inner City

1. Financial Ratios— †¢Liquidity Ratio: measure the availability of cash to pay debt. Current Ratio = Current assets/ Current Liabilities 262,515/ 285,030= 0. 92 There is a problem meeting its short term obligations The best way to improve this ratio and better position the business to cover its short-term obligations is to better manage current liabilities (accounts payables).Generate more profit (cash) out of each sale by increasing profit (as long as it is competitive within the industry), reducing costs of goods sold (making the product with less cost or providing services with less costs) or finding efficiencies throughout the operating cycle. †¢Asset Management Ratio: indicate how successfully a company is utilizing its assets to generate revenues. Inventory Turnover= COGS/ Average inventory 1,428,730/ 18,660= 76. 57 Indicate a shortage or inadequate inventory levels, which may lead to a loss in business.Average days to sell the inventory= 365 days/ inventory t urnover ratio 365/ 76. 57= 4. 8 Measure of the number of times inventory is sold or used in a time period (a year). A low turnover rate might point to overstocking, obsolescence, or deficiencies in the product line or marketing effort. On the other hand, a high turnover rate might indicate inadequate inventory levels, which can lead to a loss in business, as the inventory is too low (stock shortages). Receivables Turnover= Sales/ Accounts Receivable 1,784,080/ 242,320= 7. 36 A low ratio implies the company should re-assess its credit policies in order o ensure the timely collection of imparted credit that is not earning interest for the firm. Days Receivable= 365/ Receivables Turnover 365/7. 36= 49. 6= 50 The receivables turnover ratio is used to calculate how well a company is managing their receivables. Total assets turnover= Net Sales Revenue/ Average Total Assets 1,784,080/ 294,565= 6. 06 Measures the efficiency of a Co. use of its assets in generating sales revenue. Companies w ith low profit margins tend to have high asset turnover, while those with high profit margins have low asset turnover. Debt Management Ratio: measure the firm's use of Financial Leverage and ability to avoid financial distress in the long run. The use of debt can improve returns to stockholders in good years and increase their losses in bad years. Debt Ratio= Total Liabilities (Total Debt)/ Total Assets (285,030+ 15,000)/ 294,565= 1. 02 All assets are financed by creditors and some losses are covered by creditors. Indicates the proportion of a company's debt to its total assets. It shows how much the company relies on debt to finance assets. The higher the ratio, the greater the risk associated with the firm's operation.A low debt ratio indicates conservative financing with an opportunity to borrow in the future at no significant risk. †¢Profitability Ratio: represents the % of total sales that Co. retains after incurring the direct costs (variable costs) associated with produc ing the goods sold. Return on Assets= Net Income/ Average Assets 17,610/ 294,565= 5. 98% Indicates that the company is asset heavy. Net Profit Margin= Net Income/ Sales Revenue 17,610/ 1,784,080= 0. 987% A high percentage of each dollar generated by the company in revenue is actual profit Gross Profit Margin= 1,784,080-1,428,730)/ 1,784,080= . 20% Indicates that gross margin isn’t large enough to cover other expenses beyond cost of goods sold. Purpose of margins is to determine the value of incremental sales, and to guide pricing and promotion decision. Understanding and monitoring gross margins can help business owners avoid pricing problems, losing money on sales, and ultimately stay in business. Helps avoid offering prices that are too low or have costs that are too high to ultimately make a profit. 2. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats— †¢Strengths: Fast Service/ delivery- supplied paint to contractors within 24 hours, -Steady growth in its mark et, -Competitive price, -Cheap rent/ low overhead costs- gives a competitive advantage, -Cheap employee wages- nonunion organization, -Low production costs- low cost and high quality paint, -Excess capacity †¢Weaknesses: -Unorganized- operating with no management or financial controls, -Lack of consistent and reliable inventory control system, -No customer record (manual count): wastes too much time, -No office space, no billing records, no shipping information -Undesirable ocation and building is in poor condition: old plant, and old equipment (dusty, dirty environment) -No sales personnel, -No computer, no database, -Inexperienced/ unskilled employees, -Lack of delegation and employee empowerment -Narrow product line, -Bad cash flow: insufficient financial resources to fund any changes, -Culture, -Lack of customer confidence: customer perception as a company that negotiates price and unreliable to fill large orders. -Lag between time when they are paying their suppliers and e mployees versus time it takes to collect receivables from customers (30-60 days) †¢Opportunities: Expand product range: go after different segments, -Purchasing a computer to organize data and reduce needless paperwork, -Increase market share by taking large orders, -Hiring professional salesmen to ensure consistent growth and accountants/ consultants to identify problems and solutions: Lower cost of goods sold, lower expenses due to Walsh’s salary, and lower bad debt. †¢Threats: -Market is in slow growth- housing market and overall economy, -High bargaining power of suppliers -High threat of substitutes: larger Co are more reliable Threat of new entrants,low entry barriers in paint manufacturing industry -Rumors that company is in difficult financial straits- unable to pay suppliers and owes a lot for payment on previous taxes, -No audit has been performed= IRS penalties: Wash did not include his income taxes in his income statement; he owes $38,510 in taxes. 3. Re commendations— Within 30 Days: †¢Pay his taxes before he gets audited †¢Collect bad debt from clients †¢Hire personnel to assist in various tasks -Salesmen and accounting managers †¢Grow business and solve current financial problems Within 90 Days: Inner City Paint should keep records of inventory, finances, billing info. -They should invest in a computer and keep all records in a database to automatically calculate changes. †¢Take a cut in high salaries †¢Find and research new suppliers -To be able to provide timely delivery for large orders †¢Minimize COGS Beyond 90 Days: †¢Buy more equipment and trucks †¢Improve management skills and create policies †¢Earn business of larger clients †¢Manage business and growth of the company and to be able to acquire companies in the future that help attaining a larger market share.

Interoffice Memorandum Essay

In recent months, the Roanoke office has had complaints from four clients. Customer satisfaction is declining; this is partly due to low morale among the branch’s employees. It has come to my attention that some of the graphic designers and art directors feel that their ideas are not being taken seriously. All the while, employees are work longer hours without proper compensation. We must give our immediate attention to this situation as Roanoke handles some of our biggest clients. We must also be sure the employees we hire are being treated as part of a team. As an executive team, it is very important to reach out to the Roanoke branch to find out the root of the problem before the entire company is affected. Here is my proposed plan of communication with the branch: †¢ Zachary Sylvan – Speak with Roanoke’s clients to see if they can give any feedback as far as trends they might be seeing in the branch’s operations. †¢ Al Gucciardo – Speak with the Public Relations department employees and get their feedback †¢ Troy Richards – Speak with the marketing department employees for their feedback †¢ Devi Dewdat– Speak with the advertising department employees for their feedback Please put together a report from each person you speak with by July 31, 2014. I will meet with Michelle Garner, the HR director of the Roanoke branch to discuss the issues. We will then hold an executive meeting to discuss the status of the branch and what changes need to be considered. Thank you in advance for all your time. This is a very critical time for the Roanoke branch and the company as a whole. As previously discussed in our last meeting, we need to communicate with the employees at your branch about their concerns due to the longer hours they have been required to work recently. Please provide the payroll statement for the branch for the past 12 months. These will help the executive team analyze how the employees’ time is being managed to see where management might be falling short. This is a very critical time for the Roanoke branch. We must work together to end to the low morale that seems to have taken over the office. With that, please make that getting these statements your top priority today. I will be traveling to the branch on Thursday, July 31 to go over them. Please keep in mind that we will be approaching this situation at all angles and we can discuss some ideas on how to improve employee morale overall at our meeting.